Sources at the Indian Army said on Thursday (December 12, 2024), that a delegation from Bangladesh is likely to attend Vijay Diwas celebrations at the Eastern Command headquarters in Kolkata on December 16.
Vijay Diwas
Every year on December 16, India celebrates Vijay Diwas, a day that marks the resounding victory in the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War. This day is not only a commemoration of India’s military prowess but also a tribute to the liberation of Bangladesh, which gained independence from Pakistan on this fateful day. The significance of the day lies in the collective effort of the Indian Armed Forces and the Bangladeshi Mukti Bahini (Liberation Army), who fought side by side against the oppressive Pakistani military.
Historical Context – Causes of the Conflict
Political, Economic, and Linguistic Tensions:
- East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) faced significant marginalization by West Pakistan (present-day Pakistan), despite contributing greatly to the economy.
- Linguistic Divide: East Pakistan spoke Bengali, while West Pakistan used Urdu. Protests erupted when Urdu was made the official language of East Pakistan.
- Economic Disparity: Despite its economic significance, East Pakistan had limited representation in the Pakistani government, causing growing resentment.
1970 Elections:
- The Awami League, led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, won a landslide victory in the 1970 elections in East Pakistan.
- West Pakistan refused to transfer power, leading to Operation Searchlight, a brutal crackdown by the Pakistani military on East Pakistan.
Bangladesh Liberation War
- The Mukti Bahini (Liberation Army), composed of Bengali military personnel, civilians, and resistance fighters, began its struggle for independence from Pakistan.
- The war intensified as the Pakistani Army launched violent operations to suppress the Bengali population, resulting in widespread atrocities.
- Millions of refugees fled East Pakistan to India, particularly to states like West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, and Tripura, causing a severe humanitarian crisis.
India’s Response to the Conflict
- Initially, India attempted diplomatic measures to resolve the crisis, but international support was slow.
- The growing refugee crisis and escalating humanitarian situation led to India’s military intervention.
- India supported the Mukti Bahini by providing arms, training, and strategic assistance in preparation for military action.
Operation Vijay
Launch of Operation Vijay: In December 1971, India initiated Operation Vijay to support the Bangladesh Liberation Movement and eliminate the Pakistani military presence in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).
Leadership and Action: Under the command of General Sam Manekshaw, India executed a coordinated military assault, leading to rapid advancements.
Pakistan’s Response: Following Pakistan’s airstrikes on Indian airfields on December 3, India declared war, escalating to full-scale military conflict.
Surrender of Pakistani Soldiers: The operation culminated in the surrender of 93,000 Pakistani soldiers on December 16 in Dhaka, marking the end of the war
Creation of Bangladesh
- Bangladesh gained independence on December 16, 1971, following India’s victory.
- The day is celebrated as Victory Day in Bangladesh, marking the end of Pakistani rule and the birth of a new, independent nation.
- Bangladesh commemorates December 16 as Independence Day, symbolizing the fulfillment of the dream for freedom from oppression.
Impact on India-Bangladesh Relations:
- Foundation for Strong Relations: The victory in 1971 laid the foundation for a strong, lasting bond between India and Bangladesh, fostering mutual respect and support.
- Shared History and Diplomacy: India’s pivotal role in Bangladesh’s liberation is central to the diplomatic relations between the two nations.
- Mutual Support: The support provided by India during Bangladesh’s struggle for independence has evolved into a lasting diplomatic partnership, focusing on regional stability and shared interests.
Vijay Diwas Significance:
- Celebration of Military Success: Vijay Diwas marks India’s victory in the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War, symbolizing the strength and effectiveness of the Indian Armed Forces.
- Tribute to Sacrifices and Struggle: The day honors the sacrifices of soldiers and the struggle for independence, celebrating both India’s military prowess and Bangladesh’s liberation.
- Triumph of Freedom: The victory represents the triumph of freedom and self-determination, not only for India but for the people of Bangladesh, who gained independence from Pakistan.
Conclusion
Vijay Diwas is a day of immense significance, honoring the sacrifices of soldiers and celebrating the victory in the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War. It not only symbolizes India’s military strength but also highlights the crucial role of the Indian Armed Forces and Mukti Bahini in the liberation of Bangladesh. The enduring bond between India and Bangladesh, rooted in shared history, is a testament to the power of unity in times of crisis. The observance of this day serves as a reminder of the importance of freedom, self-determination, and the sacrifices that define nations.
Practice Essay:
“Vijay Diwas: Commemorating India’s Victory in the 1971 War and the Birth of Bangladesh“
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